11 Elements of
Effective Adolescent Writing Instruction
A Report to Carnegie Corporation of New York
WRITING NEXT
Writing Next -
Bookmarks
1. Writing
Strategies (Effect
size = 0.82) - involves teaching students strategies for
planning, revising, and editing their compositions.
2. Summarization
(Effect size = 0.82) -
involves explicitly and systematically teaching
students how to summarize texts.
3. Collaborative
Writing (Effect size =
0.75) - uses instructional arrangements in which
adolescents work together to plan, draft, revise, and edit
their compositions.
4. Specific Product
Goals (Effect size =
0.70) - assigns students specific, reachable goals
for the writing they are to complete.
5. Word
Processing (Effect
size = 0.55) - uses computers and word processors as
instructional supports for writing assignments.
6. Sentence
Combining (Effect size
= 0.50) - involves teaching students to construct more
complex, sophisticated sentences.
7. Prewriting
(Effect size = 0.32) -
engages students in activities designed to help them
generate or organize ideas for their composition.
8. Inquiry
Activities (Effect
size = 0.32) - engages students in analyzing immediate,
concrete data to help them develop ideas and content for a
particular writing task.
9. Process Writing
Approach (Effect size
= 0.32) - interweaves a number of writing
instructional activities in a workshop environment that
stresses extended writing
opportunities, writing for authentic audiences,
personalized instruction, and cycles of writing.
10. Study of
Models (Effect size =
0.25) - provides students with opportunities to read,
analyze, and emulate models of good writing.
11. Writing for Content
Learning (Effect size
= 0.23) - uses writing as a tool for learning
content
material.
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